Replacement, reduction and refinement case studies

µÎµÎ´òÅÚapp scientists regularly carry out research aimed at finding ways to avoid the use of animals, decrease their use and minimise their suffering. This is known as the 3Rs: replacement, reduction and refinement. In this section, we take a closer look at some of the work our scientists are doing in this area.

Case studies

Here is a selection of case studies that highlight the University's commitment to the replacement, reduction and refinement of the use of animals in research.